Effect of operational parameters and material properties on hardness removal efficiency by electrochemical technique

Abstract Electrochemical water treatment technology can be used for hard softening, but its removal efficiency and energy consumption problems hinder application. The effects of electrolysis voltage cathode materials on efficiency, scale crystal form electrochemical were studied experimentally. experimental results show that effectively remove more than 40% the TDS (total dissolved solids) in influent. has a great influence rate hardness ions. optimum electrolytic titanium plate is 25 V. At this voltage, capacity 16% higher copper cathode, lower plate. Titanium plates are efficient consume less energy. investigated by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) XRD (X-ray diffraction). increases mass fraction aragonite calcium carbonate changed microscopic surface structure scale.